Khersonese
Tavrichesky (Greek: the peninsula of the Taurus) is once a major trade,
political and cultural center of the Northern Black Sea Coast, at the present
time a historical and archaeological reserve, made by UNESCO in one hundred of
the most outstanding monuments of world culture. Geographically, Tauric Khersonesos is on the Heraklion peninsula and today is one of the districts of
the city of Sevastopol.
A Brief History
of Tauric Khersonesos
It is believed
that Khersonesus Taurian was founded in 6-5 centuries BC by the Greeks Dorians
from Herakleia. For the settlement was founded in a successful place: at
the intersection of sea routes; close to the expanses of the steppe
Crimea, which allowed Khersonesos to become a major center of trade. For 100
years the city has evolved from a small village to the center of the ancient
state, a city - a policy.
The maximum flourishing of the force and culture of
the policy falls on 4-3 centuries BC.
Throughout
history Khersonesos has to wage wars. In 110 BC, weakened by the struggle with
the Scythians, in exchange for salvation from which, the policy is included in
the Pontus Power. After this event, the city was never completely independent,
constantly under someone's influence: Rome, Byzantium and other states.
Despite numerous
wars and periods of decline, the city was first taken by the enemy only in 989
AD. Prince of Kiev Vladimir Svyatoslavich. But this did not cause prolonged
enmity, on the contrary, Khersonese develops trade relations with Russia and
plays a significant role in its baptism.
But there is
nothing eternal. At the end of the 13th century, the city was weakened by the
raids of the Mongol-Tatars and the movement of trade routes to the eastern part
of the Crimea, it was ravaged by the Tatars and Lithuanian princes. Finally,
the city was destroyed during the next invasion of the Tatars in the fatal for
the inhabitants of Crimea in 1399. Khersonese become a source of building materials - the Turks exported marble
architectural details from the city.
What you will
see in
In Tauric Khersonese you will see mostly ruins, as many as 45 hectares of ruins. Below
are the most, in our opinion, interesting objects.
The classical
Hellenic city is fortified and enclosed by a wall. For every traveler such a
city begins with a gate.
Remains of houses and streets of the ancient
city
Well or hearth furnace
Ancient Greek amphoras
City gates
Arbor on the site of baptism from the complex
Uvarov basilica
One of the visiting card of Khersonese is the Basilica
- a medieval church on the territory of the city. In the 14th century, the
temple collapsed because of a fire and was no longer being restored. Studies
have established that the basilica was probably built in the VI. On the site of
an earlier church in the 5th century, in the 10th century. Destroyed, and in
the place of its middle nave was built a small chapel.
Basilica
The majestic bell of the Khersonese is
interesting with its history. The bell was intended for the church of St.
Nicholas, and after the Crimean War it was taken out as a trophy, as were many
other bells from churches. The bell was returned in 1913 from France under the
accompaniment of the solemn procession of the Cross. Shortly before he returned
to the coast of Chersonese, the ship "Peter" crashed, after which the
bell was intended to ring during the fog.
Bell
And in conclusion - St. Vladimir's Cathedral. This
majestic cathedral has an indirect relationship to the history of Chersonesus,
it was erected in 1891. And is timed to the 900th anniversary of the baptism of
Rus. For its construction, a place was chosen where, during the excavations,
the ruins of Christian churches were found.
St. Vladimir's Cathedral
The ruins of Chersonesos continue underwater ...
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