The reserve was established in May 1998 in the eastern
part of the Crimea for the conservation and reproduction of steppe suburban
complexes in the plains of Crimea and the aquacultures of the Black Sea. The
nearest settlement from the boundaries of the reserve is the village of
Yakovenko (where there is a reserve base).
The territory of the reserve includes land in the area
of the cape Opuk, Mount Opuk (185 m above sea level), the lake Koyashskoye
and the adjoining water area of the Black Sea. The Mount Opuk is a solitary
hollow, bounded by steep ledges and dissected by deep (up to 20 m) and wide
tectonic fissures into individual blocks.
On the territory of the reserve, the ruins of the
ancient Greek city of Kimmerik (6th century BC - 4th century AD), the citadel,
dozens of ancient wells and others were preserved.
On the territory of the reserve, on the border of and
sea, the magnificent climatic factors and landscape features contributed to the
formation and preservation of unique floristic, faunistic and landscape complexes
that do not have analogues not only in the Crimea, but also in Europe.
The local flora is 766 species: 473 species are the
highest vascular plants, 49 are moth-shaped, 113 are lichens, and 214 are
water. 14 species of higher plants are included in the Red Data Book of the
Russian Federation and 39 species in the Red Book of the Republic of Crimea.
The fauna of the reserve and its environs is of a
steppe character, counts 1443 species, most of which are invertebrate animals.
35 of them are mammals, 237 birds, 9 reptiles and 64 fish. The rare fauna
counts 135 species, 45 of which are listed in the Red Book of the Russian
Federation, 17 in the Red List of the Red List, 70 in the Berne Convention.
Territory Opuk enters the list of IBA territories that
are important for the conservation of bird populations within Europe.
Visiting a reserve is possible only with a scientific
and eco-educational purpose in the preparation of workers of the reserve. For
this on the territory of the reserve three dry eco logical tracts were
developed: "Urchische Opuk" (route No. 1), "Between the sea and
the lake" (route No. 2), "Coastal" (route No. 3) and the marsh
"Elken-Kaya" (route No. 4).
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